Which of the following is NOT a cause of secondary osteoporosis?

• A. Immobilisation
• B. Senile
• C. Malabsorption
• D. Hormonal

Answer: (B)

Primary osteoporosis covers age-related bone loss (senile) and postmenopausal bone loss, while secondary osteoporosis comes from another disease or treatment. Senile osteoporosis is due to aging, so it is not a secondary cause. The other scenarios fit secondary osteoporosis: immobilization reduces mechanical stress on bone, triggering resorption; malabsorption decreases calcium and vitamin D absorption, promoting secondary hyperparathyroidism and bone loss; hormonal disturbances—such as hyperparathyroidism, thyroid excess, Cushing’s syndrome, or prolonged glucocorticoid use—disrupt bone remodeling and lead to secondary osteoporosis.