Routine diagnostic method for calcipenia

• A. MRI
• B. CT
• C. X-ray osteodensitometry (DEXA)
• D. Isotop-scintigraphy

Answer: (C)

Calcipenia is assessed best by measuring bone mineral density, not by looking at anatomy alone. The routine test for this is dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, or osteodensitometry. It uses two low-dose X-ray beams to quantify how much mineral is in bone, usually at the lumbar spine and hip, and gives a numeric score that classifies osteoporosis or osteopenia. This method is preferred because it directly records the mineral content linked to calcium status, is quick and widely available, and involves only minimal radiation.

Other imaging modalities don’t fit as routine density assessment. MRI and CT provide detailed anatomy and can detect fractures or structural changes, but they’re not sensitive or practical for routine measurement of bone density, and CT involves more radiation and higher cost. Isotop-scintigraphy shows bone metabolism and turnover, useful for detecting certain lesions or fractures, but it does not quantify mineral density.